Contribution of microdissection for the detection of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer☆

Summary 

The determination of microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important step in the identification of familial colorectal cancer such as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. It could also be of interest in the therapeutic management of sporadic cancer. International criteria for the determination of MSI have been published, recommending the use of microdissection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of contaminant normal DNA in tumor samples for MSI assessment in colorectal cancer using a microdissection technique. We performed a comparative analysis of the microsatellite status between total DNA (DNA extracted from whole tumor samples) and microdissected DNA in 3 different regions from 23 cases of colorectal cancer. Six microsatellites were amplified using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed 9 cases with MSI and 14 cases without instability, with similar results between total DNA and microdissected DNA. Moreover, within a same tumor, the MSI phenotype was observed regardless of the region analyzed. Thus, this work shows the reproducibility of the MSI phenotype throughout a tumor. However, we observed a regional heterogeneity of the MSI profile, consisting of variations in the number and the size of unstable alleles within different regions. This result reflects the genetic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer with MSI. In the 14 cases without instability, we observed an increase of more than 60% in the loss of heterozygosity detection rate after microdissection. Thus, this work confirms the contribution of microdissection for loss of heterozygosity assessment.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Microsatellite instability, Genetic heterogeneity, Microdissection, Loss of heterozygosity