Human Pathology
Volume 41, Issue 1 , Pages 123-128 , January 2010

Expression of the intestinal biomarkers Guanylyl cyclase C and CDX2 in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinomas

  • Brody Winn, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    • ,
  • Rosemarie Tavares, BSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    • ,
  • Andres Matoso, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    • ,
  • Lelia Noble

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    • ,
  • Jacqueline Fanion, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    • ,
  • Scott A. Waldman, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
    • ,
  • Murray B. Resnick, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.

Received 6 April 2009 ,Revised 13 July 2009 ,Accepted 16 July 2009.

References 

  1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58:71–96
  2. Hamilton SR, Vogelstein B, Kudo S, et al. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. In:  Hamilton SR,  Aaltonen L editor. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology and Genetics. Tumors of the Digestive System. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000;p. 103–142
  3. Lewin KJ, Ridell RH, Weinstein WM. Large bowel polyps and tumors. In: Lewin KJ, Ridell RH, Weinstein WM editor. Gastrointestinal pathology and its clinical implications. New York: Igaku-Shoin; 1992;p. 1272–1273
  4. Lagendijk JH, Mullink H, Van Diest PJ, Meijer GA, Meijer CJ. Tracing the origin of adenocarcinomas with unknown primary using immunohistochemistry: differential diagnosis between colonic and ovarian carcinomas as primary sites. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:491–497
  5. Gervasoni A, Monasterio Munoz RM, Wengler GS, Rizzi A, Zaniboni A, Parolini O. Molecular signature detection of circulating tumor cells using a panel of selected genes. Cancer Lett. 2008;263:267–279
  6. Bustin SA, Gyselman VG, Williams NS, Dorudi S. Detection of cytokeratins 19/20 and guanylyl cyclase C in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 1999;79:1813–1820
  7. Schulz S, Green CK, Yuen PS, Garbers DL. Guanylyl cyclase is a heat stable enterotoxin receptor. Cell. 1990;63:941–948
  8. Vaandrager AB, Schulz S, De Jonge HR, Garbers DL. Guanylyl cyclase C is an N-linked glycoprotein receptor that accounts for multiple heat stable enterotoxin-binding proteins in the intestine. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:2174–2179
  9. Park J, Schulz S, Waldman SA. Intestine-specific activity of the human guanylyl cyclase C promoter is regulated by CDX2. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:89–96
  10. Buc E, Vartanian MD, Darcha C, Dechelotte P, Pezet D. Guanylyl cyclase C as a reliable immunohistochemical marker and its ligand Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin as a potential protein-delivering vehicle for colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:1618–1627
  11. Birbe R, Palazzo JP, Walters R, Weinberg D, Schulz S, Waldman SA. Guanylyl cyclase C is a marker of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Hum Pathol. 2005;36:170–179
  12. Frick GS, Pitari GM, Weinberg DS, Hyslop T, Schulz S, Waldman SA. Guanylyl cyclase C: a marker for staging and postoperative surveillance of patients with colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2005;5:701–713
  13. Waldman SA, Cagir B, Rakinic J, et al. Use of Guanylyl cylase C for detecting micrometastases in lymph nodes of patients with colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:310–315
  14. Schulz S, Hyslop T, Haaf J, et al. A validated quantitative assay to detect occult micrometastases by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of guanylyl cyclase C in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:4545–4552
  15. Carrithers SL, Barber MT, Biswas S, et al. is a selective marker for metastatic colorectal tumors in human extraintestinal tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:14827–14832
  16. Drummond F, Putt W, Fox M, et al. Cloning and chromosome assignment of the human CDX2 gene. Ann Hum Genet. 1997;61:393–400
  17. De Lott LB, Morrison C, Suster S, Cohn DE, Frankel WL. CDX2 is a useful marker of intestinal type differentiation: a tissue microarray-based study of 629 tumors from various sites. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129:1100–1105
  18. Werling RW, Yaziji H, Bacchi CE, Gown AM. CDX2, a highly sensitive and specific marker of adenocarcinomas of intestinal origin. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:303–310
  19. Witek ME, Nielson K, Walters R, et al. The putative tumor suppressor CDX2 is overexpressed by human colorectal adenocarcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:8549–8556
  20. Winn B, Tavares R, Fanion J, et al. Differentiating the undifferentiated: immunohistochemical profile of medullary carcinoma of the colon with an emphasis on intestinal differentiation. Hum Pathol. 2009;40:398–404
  21. Bakaris S, Cetinkaya A, Ezberci F, Ekerbicer H. Expression of homeodomain protein CDX2 in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Histol Histopathol. 2008;23:1043–1047
  22. Wang J, de la Monte SM, Sabo E, et al. Prognostic value of humbug gene overexpression in stage II colon cancer. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:17–25
  23. Greene FL, Balch CM, Fleming ID, et al. AJCC cancer staging handbook., 6th ed. New York: Springer; 2002;
  24. Lugo TG, Braun S, Cote RJ, Pantel K, Rusch V. Detection and measurement of occult disease for the prognosis of solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2609–2615
  25. Ratto C, Sofo L, Ippoliti M, et al. Accurate lymph node detection in colorectal specimens resected for cancer is of prognostic significance. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:143–154
  26. Kazama Y, Watanabe T, Kanazawa T, Tanaka J, Tanaka T, Nagawa H. Microsatellite instability in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum: relationship to clinicopathological features. J Clin Pathol. 2007;60:701–704

☆ S. A. Waldman is a paid consultant for Merck Research Laboratories and is the Chair (uncompensated) of the Scientific Advisory Board for Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Inc, West Chester, PA, which sponsors research and has a license to commercialize diagnostic and therapeutic products related to Guanylyl cyclase C.

PII: S0046-8177(09)00259-7

doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.009

Human Pathology
Volume 41, Issue 1 , Pages 123-128 , January 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution