Human Pathology
Volume 41, Issue 2 , Pages 172-180 , February 2010

Encapsulated thyroid tumors of follicular cell origin with high grade features (high mitotic rate/tumor necrosis): a clinicopathologic and molecular study

  • Michael Rivera, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • ,
  • Julio Ricarte-Filho, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • ,
  • Snehal Patel, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • ,
  • Michael Tuttle, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • ,
  • Ashok Shaha, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • ,
  • Jatin P. Shah, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • ,
  • James A. Fagin, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • ,
  • Ronald A. Ghossein, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.

Received 7 July 2009 ,Revised 13 August 2009 ,Accepted 17 August 2009.

References 

  1. Liu J, Singh B, Tallini G, et al. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of a problematic entity. Cancer. 2006;107:1255–1264
  2. Van Heerden JA, Hay I, Goellner J, et al. Follicular thyroid carcinoma with capsular invasion alone: a nonthreatening malignancy. Surgery. 1992;112:1130–1136
  3. Hazard JB, Kenyon R. Atypical adenoma of the thyroid. AMA Arch Pathol. 1954;58:554–563
  4. Lang W, Georggi A, Stauch G, Kienzle E. The differentiation of atypical adenomas and encapsulated follicular carcinomas in the thyroid gland. Virchows Arch A Path Anat Histol. 1980;385:125–141
  5. Akslen LA, Livolsi VA. Prognostic significance of histologic grading compared with subclassification of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 2000;88:1902–1908
  6. Hiltzik D, Carlson DL, Tuttle MR, et al. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas defined on the basis of mitosis and necrosis. Cancer. 2006;106:1286–1295
  7. Volante M, Collini P, Nikiforov YE, et al. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: The Turin proposal for the use of uniform diagnostic criteria and an algorothmic diagnostic approach. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1256–1264
  8. Volante M, Landolfi S, Chiusa L, et al. Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid with trabecular, insular, and solid Patterns. A clinicopathologic study of 183 patients. Cancer. 2004;100:950–957
  9. Rivera M, Ghossein RA, Schoder H, Gonez D, Larson SM, Tuttle MR. Histopathologic characterization of radioactive iodine refractory FDG-PET positive thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 2008;113:48–56
  10. Lang W, Choritz H, Hundeshagen H. Risk factors in follicular thyroid carcinomas. A retrospective follow-up study covering a 14-year period with emphasis on morphological findings. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:246–255
  11. Rosai J, Carcangiu ML, Delellis RA. Tumors of the thyroid gland. In:  Rosai J,  Sobin LH editor. Atlas of tumor pathology. vol. 5:New York: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1992;p. 161–182
  12. Ricarte-Filho JCM, Ryder M, Chitale DA, et al. Mutational profile of advanced primary and metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid cancers reveals distinct pathogenetic roles for BRAF, PIK3CA and AKT1. Cancer Res. 2009;69:4885–4893
  13. Imkamp F, von Wasielewski R, Musholt TJ, Musholt PB. Rearrangement analysis in archival thyroid tissues: punching microdissection and artificial RET/PTC 1-12 transcripts. J Surg Res. 2007;143:350–363
  14. Nikiforova MN, Biddinger PW, Caudill CM, Kroll TG, Nikiforov YE. PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1016–1023
  15. Ghossein R, Hiltzik D, Carlson DL, et al. Prognostic factors of recurrence in encapsulated hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 50 cases. Cancer. 2006;106:1669–1676
  16. Collini P, Sampierto G, Pilotti S. Extensive vascular invasion is a marker of risk of relapse in encapsulated non-hurthle cell follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 18 consecutive cases from a single institution with a 11-year median follow-up. Histopathology. 2004;44:35–39
  17. Nikiforova MN, Kimura ET, Gandhi M, et al. BRAF mutations in thyroid tumors are restricted to papillary carcinomas and anaplastic or poorly differentiated carcinomas arising from papillary carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5399–5404
  18. Nikiforova MN, Lynch RA, Biddinger PW, et al. RAS point mutations and PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: evidence for distinct molecular pathways in thyroid follicular carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2318–2326
  19. Hou P, Liu D, Shan Y, et al. Genetic alterations and their relationship in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:1161–1170
  20. Castro P, Rebocho AP, Soares RJ, et al. PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangement is frequently detected in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:213–220
  21. DeLellis RA. Pathology and genetics of thyroid carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2006;94:662–669
  22. Vasko V, Ferrand M, Di Cristofaro J, Carayon P, Henry JF, de Micco C. Specific pattern of RAS oncogene mutations in follicular thyroid tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2745–2752
  23. Vitagliano D, Portella G, Troncone G, et al. Thyroid targeting of the N-RAS (Gln61Lys) oncogene in transgenic mice results in follicular tumors that progress to poorly differentiated carcinomas. Oncogene. 2006;25:5467–5474
  24. Garcia-Rostan G, Zhao H, Camp RL, et al. RAS mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3226–3235
  25. Tzen CY, Huang YW, Fu YS. Is atypical follicular adenoma of the thyroid a preinvasive malignancy?. Hum Pathol. 2003;34:666–669
  26. LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: view, biases, and experiences. Adv Anat Pathol. 2004;11:279–287

☆ This work was presented in part at the annual meeting of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology in March 2009.

PII: S0046-8177(09)00298-6

doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.08.011

Human Pathology
Volume 41, Issue 2 , Pages 172-180 , February 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution